Bone Mineral Density Measurement Using the Digital Image Processing (DIP) Method

The DIP method is a screening technique for estimating bone mineral density (BMD) using standard radiographic images and digital image processing algorithms. It is often applied to hand X-rays, focusing on the cortical thickness or radiodensity of the phalanges or metacarpals. Although not as accurate as DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), the DIP method is considered helpful for preliminary BMD assessments in settings where DXA is unavailable.